36. Forme fruste means A. autoimmune disease * B. mild variant of a disease C. self-curing disease D. one disease prevents the other's expression E. untreatable disease 37. Which is NOT a free radical acceptor? A. ceruloplasmin B. glutathione C. melatonin D. transferrin * E. vitamin A 38. Which is the "suicide trigger" on the cell surface? A. erb * B. fasD. C. p53E. D. ras E. src-C 39. In apoptosis, the caspase serves to A. crosslink the proteins * B. dissolve the cytoskeleton C. puncture the cell membrane D. recognize a virally-infected cell E. tear up the DNA at every 110 base pairs 40. "Pathognomonic" means A. society's flaws contributed to this disease B. the origin of this disease is unknown C. the pathologist made up the name for a disease D. this disease is certain to get worse * E. this finding occurs only in one disease 41. Which is LEAST LIKELY to liquefy tissue? A. acid hydrolysis * B. frostbite C. gas gangrene D. rattlesnake envenomation E. suppuration 42. Hypoxia, strictly defined, means * A. failure of oxidative phosphorylation for any reason B. too little oxygen in the blood C. too little oxygen in the lungs D. too little oxygen reaching the mitochondria E. too little perfusion of the tissues 43. The poison in deadly toadstools works on which part of the cell? A. cytoplasmic membrane B. DNA C. mitochondria * D. ribosomes E. synapses 44. Which specifically implies bacterial action? A. autloysis B. necrosis C. gangrene * D. putrefaction E. suppuration 45. The bcl-2 gene product is now famous for A. causing cell division B. contributing to "excitotoxic" neuronal death C. destabilizing the genome, causing anaplasia D. developing cell hypertrophy * E. inhibiting apoptosis 46. Pathologists use it, often from a cheap source, to remove glycogen. What is it? A. cadherin B. calpain C. cathepsin * D. diastase E. methylmalonic acid 47. The cells of a xanthoma are actually A. adipocytes * B. macrophages C. muscle cells D. necrotic E. pericytes 48. "Ceroid" is an acid-fast variant of A. alkapton B. formalin C. hemosiderin * D. lipofuscin E. melanin 49. A hepatocyte containing a very large number of variably-sized but very round, hyaline droplets. The droplets are probably composed of * A. antitrypsin B. fibrinoid C. glycogen D. hemozoin E. immunogloblin 50. Tiger-striping of the heart is very characteristic of A. acute infarction ("contraction bands") B. diphtheria C. pancreatitis D. syphilis * E. very severe anemia 51. The famous T-cell-generated macrophage activator that makes them turn "epithelioid" for a granuloma: A. alpha interferon * B. gamma interferon C. interleukin 2 D. lymphotoxin E. tumor necrosis factor 52. Histamine and serotonin are released from human A. endothelium B. fibroblasts C. macrophages D. neutrophils * E. platelets 53. Aggregates platelets and constricts blood vessels: A. C3b B. C5b-9 C. leukotriene B4 D. prostaglandin E * E. thromboxane A2 54. Schaumann bodies, seen in some giant cells in granulomas, are composed of * A. calcium B. collagen C. iron D. keratin E. silicone 55. You'll find a stercoreal ulcer in the A. duodenum * B. large intestine C. mouth D. skin at pressure points E. stomach 56. I sewed it up. A. -desis B. -ostomy C. -plasty D. -pexy * E. -rraphy 57. What is the predominant inflammatory cell in the anatomic lesions of typhoid fever? A. eosinophil B. lymphocyte C. neutrophil * D. macrophage E. plasma cell 58. Hydroceles are accumulation of fluid in the A. abdominal cavity B. pleural cavity C. subcutaneous potential spaces * D. tunical vaginalis of the testis E. ventricles of the brain 59. Hemoptysis indicates bleeding from the * A. lower respiratory tract B. mouth or lips C. nasal passages D. upper GI tract E. urethra 60. An extreme tendency to form venous thrombi, beginning in adult life, warns of underlying cancer, especially of the A. colon B. kidney C. lung * D. pancreas E. vessels A. Type I immune injury B. Type II immune injury C. Type III immune injury D. Classic type IV immune injury, without antibodies E. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 61. Arthus reaction; serum sickness from antivenom [C] 62. Autoimmune endocrinopathies (several) [E] 63. Goodpasture's disease; ABO-incompatibility [B] 64. Hay fever; shrimp allergy [A] 65. Tuberculosis; nickel watch band allerty [D] Sometimes you can guess the underlying disease from the immunofluorescence pattern of the anti-nuclear antibody screen! A. centromere B. homogeneous (histones) C. speckled D. nucleolar E. rim (double-straneded DNA) 66. CREST [A] 67. drug-induced lupus [B] 68. scleroderma [D] 69. systemic lupus [E] 70. not really much help [C] 71. Onionskin lesions in the intimal portions of the arteries A. amyloidosis B. dermatomyositis C. lupus * D. scleroderma E. Wegener's 72. In hemodialysis patients, the amyloid is composed of A. basement membrane * B. beta-2 microglobulin / HLA light chains C. gelsolin D. immunoglobulin heavy chains E. immunoglobulin light chains 73. People with certain congenital deficiencies of complement components are especially likely to have trouble with which of these bacteria? A. clostrida B. gram-negative rods * C. neisseria D. staphylococci E. streptococci 74. A person with cells of two distinct genotypes is said to exhibit A. balanced translocation B. balanced polymorphism C. biopiracy * D. chimerism E. variable expressivity 75. An "emotionally troubled" little teen with an elflike face and a weird nasal voice probably has A. Ehlers-Danlos B. Patau's * C. Shprintzen velocardiofacial syndrome D. Tracher-Collins syndrome E. von Willebrand's disease You are investigating the inheritance pattern of TABP ("toothless albino banjo player disease"). You interview people in the community. A. autosomal recessive B. genetic anticipation C. mitochondrial inheritance D. polygenic E. X-linked inheritance 76. Dunno. Sometimes a couple has more than one TABJ baby. Easy to tell who's got it. Don't seem to be no pattern otherwise. Unless'n you're not close-related to your partner, seems like that makes it less common. [A] 77. Nope. I don' think it's genes at all. There's some in most families down here in the hills. And y'know, the better a banjo player your brother is, the fewer teeth you seem to have yourself! [D] 78. Strange. There's this one lady -- couldn't play a note herself -- had five sons and three daughters, all TABP's, all by different fathers. All different talent levels. You can't tell who's gonna be affected until they're school-age, sometimes later. [C] 79. Yup. Easy to tell. You are or you aren't TABP. And y'know, only boys get it, and almost always somebody in mom's family has it. [E] 80. Yup. Runs in the family, real reg-yoo-lar. Every generation they're lighter, have fewer teeth, and play the banjo better! [B] Kodachromes 81-85 courtesy of David Barber MD. 81. ONE KODACHROME. Your instructor is pointing to what cell? A. eosinophil B. lymphocyte C. neutrophil D. plasma cell E. none of these 82. ONE KODACHROME. Most of the cells in the vessel are A. eosinophils B. erythrocytes * C. lymphocytes D. neutrophils E. plasma cells 83. ONE KODACHROME. Photomicrograph illustrating A. carcinoma on situ or severe dysplasia B. caseous necrosis C. granulation tissue D. pus E. recent myocardial infarct (about 1 day) 84. ONE KODACHROME. Which type of giant cell? A. foreign body * B. Langhans C. Langerhans D. megakaryocyte E. Touton / floret (as in a xanthoma) 85. ONE KODACHROME. And what did Dr. Barber photograph here? A. anaplastic epithelium (dysplasia) B. granulation tissue * C. pus D. older myocardial infarct (about 4 days) E. recent myocardial infarct (about 1 day) 86. TWO KODACHROMES. The pattern of injury on this nerve biopsy is most suggestive of A. type I immune injury B. type II immune injury * C. type III immune injury D. type IV immune injury E. none of these, this is amyloidosis 87. Mallory's hyaline is woven from A. alcohol B. collagen C. fibrin D. light chains * E. keratin 88. ONE KODACHROME. Effect is predominantly... A. anaplasia B. dysplasia C. hyperplasia * D. hypertrophy E. metaplasia 89. ONE KODACHROME. Lung. I need your best diagnosis A. bacterial pneumonia B. dystrophic calcification in TB * C. metastatic calcification D. syphilis E. uh, this is normal lung 90. ONE KODACHROME. The body type suggests A. Angelman's B. Klinefelter's * C. Prader-Willi D. Treacher-Collins E. Turner's 91. ONE KODACHROME. What's wrong with the kidney? A. abscess B. atrophy from lack of blood flow C. gas gangrene * D. infarct E. tuberculosis 92. ONE KODACHROME. What's the most likely cause of this lesion? A. asbestosis * B. foreign body C. iron overload D. radiation injury E. tuberculosis 93. ONE KODACHROME. What karyotype? A. trisomy 13 B. trisomy 21 * C. XO D. XXY E. XYY 94. ONE KODACHROME. This stuff in the lung is A. dystrophic calcification B. granulomas, but with no giant cells C. lymphocytes D. metastatic calcification * E. neutrophils 95. ONE KODACHROME. What karyotype? A. trisomy 13 B. trisomy 21 C. XO * D. XXY E. XYY 96. ONE KODACHROME. Skin. Give me your best diagnosis. A. callus B. discoid lupus * C. herpes D. sunburn E. tuberculosis 97. TWO KODACHROMES. What's the lung lesion? * A. bone choristoma in an old TB focus B. bone hamartoma in an old TB focus C. metastatic calcification D. organizing thromboembolus E. suture granuloma 98. ONE KODACHROME. Your best diagnosis? A. fracture of bone, healing B. germinal center * C. granulation tissue D. granuloma E. scleroderma skin 99. ONE KODACHROME. Pituitary lesion from an autosy. It is probably a(n) A. abscess B. area of fatty ingrowth C. granuloma D. hamartoma * E. infarct 100. ONE KODACHROME. Liver with a nice example of A. acute inflammation * B. apoptosis C. amyloid deposition D. chronic inflammation E. congestion BONUS ITEMS 101. SIX KODACHROMES. Diagnose it. [Wegener's] 102. ONE KODACHROME. What's the fancy medical "-osis" name for that carbon pigmentation on smoker-lungs? [anthracosis] 103. FOUR KODACHROMES. Two of heart, one of kidney, one is an electron micrograph. You'll need to figure out the stains yourself. What's your diagnosis? [amyloid] 104. ONE KODACHROME. What's the stain that stains these fungi so nicely? [silver; I do not need methenamine] 105. THREE KODACHROMES. Liver. You'll need to figure out the stain yourself. What gave this guy cirrhosis? [iron / hemochromatosis] 106. THREE KODACHROMES. Hemorrhagic lesion in the colon. Give your best diagnosis. This one is very tough. [hamartoma / hemangioma] 107. ONE KODACHROME. Renal oncocytoma, or hurthle cell tumor. What are the pink granules? [mitochondria] 108. ONE KODACHROME. Normal heart. What's the pigment at the nuclear poles? [lipofuscin] 109. ONE KODACHROME. What is the predominant inflammatory cell in this slide? [plasma cell] 110. ONE KODACHROME. What do we call this complication of poor nutrition? [noma] 111 ONE KODACHROME. What do we call it when neutrohils do this? [marginating / pavementing] 112. ONE KODACHROME. Identify this intravascular lesion. Be specific. [I need to hear about it being recanalized] 113. ONE KODACHROME. Why do protein-malnourished kids get edema? [low albumin / oncotic pressure] 114. ONE KODACHROME. Cells from a hydrothorax. Your best diagnosis? [lupus] 115. ONE KODACHROME. Lip. Your best diagnosis. [Sjogren's] 116. ONE KODACHROME. Melanin is synthesized as a polymer from which amino acid? [tyrosine] 117. TWO KODAHCROMES. Lung. Your best diagnosis. [thromboemboli, accept thrombi or emboli, I am so soft today] 118. TWO KODACHROMES. H&E and acid-fast stains. Give me your best diagnosis. [tuberculosis, allow leprosy] 119. ONE KODACHROME. What is a pseudodiverticulum? [I need mucosa-only through the wall] 120. Why is this man smiling? [there's no such thing as a perfectly good airplane, +1 for any reasonable answer]